-
1 excavated cross-section
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > excavated cross-section
-
2 excavated cross-section
горн. сечение в проходеАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > excavated cross-section
-
3 excavated cross section
English-Russian dictionary of geology > excavated cross section
-
4 excavated cross-section
English-Russian dictionary of geology > excavated cross-section
-
5 excavated cross section
Горное дело: сечение в проходеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > excavated cross section
-
6 excavated cross-section
Горное дело: сечение в проходеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > excavated cross-section
-
7 excavated cross-section
English-Russian industrial glossariy > excavated cross-section
-
8 cross-section
2) физ. (эффективное) сечение3) рлк эффективная площадь отражения, ЭПО4) гидр. живое сечение ( потока)5) створ•-
absolute cross-section
-
absorption cross-section
-
activation cross-section
-
backscattering cross-section
-
beam cross-section
-
bipartite cross-section
-
bistatic cross-section
-
capture cross-section
-
channel cross-section
-
circular cross-section
-
cold cross-section
-
compound cross-section
-
constant cross-section
-
contracted cross-section
-
cross-section of road
-
differential cross-section
-
echoing cross-section
-
effective cross-section
-
elastic cross-section
-
end-fire cross-section
-
excavated cross-section
-
fast-neutron cross-section
-
fast cross-section
-
finished cross-section
-
fission cross-section
-
forward scattering cross-section
-
geological cross-section
-
geometrical cross-section
-
horse-shaped cross-section
-
hot cross-section
-
inelastic cross-section
-
monostatic cross-section
-
neutron cross-section
-
neutron-absorption cross-section
-
neutron-capture cross-section
-
neutron-removal cross-section
-
neutron-transmissioncross-section
-
neutron-transport cross-section
-
nuclear cross-section
-
nuclear geometrical cross-section
-
plump cross-section
-
principal cross-sections
-
radar cross-section
-
scattering cross-section
-
side-hill cross-section
-
slow-neutron cross-section
-
specular cross-section
-
thermal activation cross-section
-
thermal poison cross-section
-
thermal-neutron cross-section
-
total neutron cross-section
-
transport cross-section
-
uniform cross-section
-
variable cross-section
-
Westcott cross-section
-
wetted cross-section -
9 сечение в проходе
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > сечение в проходе
-
10 сечение в проходе
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > сечение в проходе
-
11 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR
См. также в других словарях:
Cross — For information on the Christian symbol, see Christian cross. For other uses, see Cross (disambiguation). A Greek cross (all arms of equal length) above a saltire, a cross whose limbs are slanted A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two… … Wikipedia
Archaeological section — In archaeology a section is a view in part of the archaeological sequence showing it in the vertical plane, as a cross section, and thereby illustrating its profile and stratigraphy. This may make it easier to view and interpret as it developed… … Wikipedia
Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway — Hampstead tube redirects here. For Hampstead tube station, see Hampstead tube station. Geographic route map of Charing Cross, Euston Hampstead Railway The Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE HR), also known as the Hampstead tube, was … Wikipedia
Nelson Section — The remains of the former Kawatiri Station, 2007 Overview Type New Zealand Government Railways regional rail … Wikipedia
arts, East Asian — Introduction music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature. Some studies of East Asia… … Universalium
tunnels and underground excavations — ▪ engineering Introduction Great tunnels of the world Great tunnels of the worldhorizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by nature s action in dissolving a soluble rock, such as limestone. A vertical opening … Universalium
Western architecture — Introduction history of Western architecture from prehistoric Mediterranean cultures to the present. The history of Western architecture is marked by a series of new solutions to structural problems. During the period from the… … Universalium
building construction — Techniques and industry involved in the assembly and erection of structures. Early humans built primarily for shelter, using simple methods. Building materials came from the land, and fabrication was dictated by the limits of the materials and… … Universalium
List of Chinese inventions — A bronze Chinese crossbow mechanism with a buttplate (the wooden components have … Wikipedia
Tunnel — This article is about underground passages. For other uses, see Tunnel (disambiguation). Underground tunnel for heatpipes between Rigshospitalet and Amagerværket in Denmark … Wikipedia
Dead Sea Scrolls — Coordinates: 31°44′27″N 35°27′31″E / 31.74083°N 35.45861°E / 31.74083; 35.45861 … Wikipedia
